The Vietnam War Essays (426 words) - Vietnam War, Free Essays

The Vietnam War Essays (426 words) - Vietnam War, Free Essays The Vietnam War The Vietnam War was a ruthless war that influenced a great many individuals in a wide range of nations. All wars start in light of the fact that their is a distinction in people?s assessments, and the Vietnam War was the same. It began on the grounds that France and a Vietnam head, Ho Chi Minh, had a distinction in supposition about the sort of government Vietnam ought to have. To discover why the war broke out you should return to the 1750?s. This is the place the French began their alleged protectorate province of Vietnam. For a long time the individuals of Vietnam dissented yet couldn't sort out into a power sufficiently amazing to oppose the French. At that point in 1946 a socialist taught individual called Ho Chi Minh sorted out the individuals of North Vietnam and drove out the French rulers in a war that took eight years. During harmony settlements in Geneva they permitted North and South Vietnam to become separate countries, isolated on the seventeenth equal. This was distinctly to keep going for a long time. Following two years the two nations would then decide on a typical pioneer and rejoin the two nations again. This never occurred. South Vietnam was anxious about the possibility that that a Communist chief would be picked and the country would be in ruins. Socialist guerrillas in South Vietnam contradicting the dropped political decision starte d assaults on Southern Vietnam and staying French authorities to pick up co! ntrol of South Vietnam. In the event that North Vietnam was to start their intrusion of South Vietnam the Communist ruler Ho Chi Minh made certain to have unlimited oversight over the country and spread his thoughts of socialism to neighboring nations. The United States felt this ought not occur so in 1965 the president requested the bombarding of North Vietnam and the arrival of US troops in South Vietnam. This at that point made North Vietnam send ordinary units toward the South. That subsequently, cause more US troops to get included. The entirety of this continued structure and working until it was a full scale war. The primary explanation that the Vietnam War broke out was that the old supreme France figured they could keep an alleged protectorate state without giving them any opportunity. At that point a socialist head tagged along that assembled the individuals and took over for the sake of opportunity. The U.S. felt that on the off chance that Vietnam got socialist, at that point neighboring nations would before long follow. They didn't need socialism to spread so they attempted to stop it. Stop it by war and it didn't work out like they figured it would.

What I think the good life means to me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What I think easy street intends to me - Essay Example The book Affluenza gives incredible data and detail on carrying on with a decent life while limiting your day by day utilization (De Graaf, Wann, and Naylor, 2001). Affluenza regards the ideal human wants. It likewise tries to make various strategies to make solace, polish, and satisfaction more veritable and durables than available, transitory things. Training, family, connections, work, good and moral standards, profound help and achievement are a portion of the things that make the cut. Before you can hop into the conspicuous finish of how the above characteristics are a long way from being acceptable, go for a stroll with me. The integrity of good is relative also. Since the caretaker of this life is blustery on me, the definition is similarly reliant on my decisions. Numerous rationalists within recent memory and the past have had a lot to state on the subject of good. Socrates, for instance, characterized great as the nonattendance of what was terrible. I don't concur with the meaning of Socrates (Cohen, 1971). Different scholars like Plato don't vocally focus on the meaning of good however through their composition, it is sheltered to surmise that excellencies like mental fortitude, astuteness, modesty make the rundown of what is acceptable. The late definition is a greater amount of what my characteristics referenced above slope to for help. Instruction is one of the characteristics that I recorded previously. Training for this situation isn't only the procurement of data and information. It isn't even the capacity to show forward fitness in abilities and the capability with which one’s execution. Instruction in my book is the capacity to utilize data, innovation, abilities for the advancement of mankind. As a radiologist, I imagine doing my lords and my doctorate before I get to forty-five. These degrees are anyway just a reflection of scholarly greatness and interest and not instruction. An informed individual makes pioneers out of average citizens. Training expands the vision past the visionary. My vision, for instance, is that my

8 Big Blogging Mistakes to Avoid New To Blogging Never Do This!

8 Big Blogging Mistakes to Avoid New To Blogging Never Do This! .elementor-19992 .elementor-element.elementor-element-19992{text-align:center}Last Updated on February 17, 2020When you’re just getting your blog up and running, it’s easy to get caught up in the excitement of just launching a blog and rush to get going â€" so much so, that you make terrible blogging mistakes along the way.I know from personal experience how easy it is to screw things up with a blog â€" or even just miss opportunities I could have taken advantage of. So â€" to help you get started on the right foot (or get back on track if you’ve run off course) here are the 8 most common (and biggest!) mistakes I see new bloggers making: Disclosure As an independent review site, we get compensated if you purchase through the referral links or coupon codes on this page â€" at no additional cost to you. Dismiss alert Table of Contents The basic blogging mistakeHere are 8 blogging mistakes you must avoid1. Setting an unrealistic publishing schedule2. Not using headers or whites pace3. Using “click here” links instead of real keywords4. Not using images5. Not answering your comments (yes, all of them!)6. Not adding social media sharing7. Not using analytics8. Not showing recent/popular postsShare those blogging mistakes on your own blogWant even more blog mistakes you should avoid?The basic blogging mistakeMany new bloggers are tempted to use a free hosting service, even though paid hosting can be cheap and reliable, such as HostGator, my personal choice.Only after you invest a lot of time (and money) in free hosting, you discover the numerous disadvantages. They’re totally not worth the little perceived savings they offer:Speed and Bandwidth limited â€" your site is going to be painfully slow, causing visitors to escape even before they read a single line.No Personalized Domain â€" you don’t have your own domain. For example, your address might look like this: mywebsite.wordpress.comPoor Customer Support â€" when you run into any issues, usually yo u’ve got no one to talk to. Can be painful especially if you’re new to thisNo Advertisements â€" you’ll be very limited in the future, should you want to make money with your blogIn conclusion, it’s a BAD idea to use a free hosting service. Use a paid service with budget-friendly plans (starting at well under $3 per month!) such as HostGator. Join the FREE TrainingDo You Want To Learn How To Build 6 Figures Authority Sites?Join This Free Training To...Finally have a proven method to finding profitable nichesGet access to a foolproof keyword research methodLearn how to outsource quality contentLearn how to build white hat links to your site without headaches You might also like: Best blog hosting Here are 8 blogging mistakes you must avoid1. Setting an unrealistic publishing scheduleWhen you first start blogging, you are full of ideas. It’s all new and fresh, so it’s easy to publish like a madman and get all your ideas out. At first, you’re going to think that pu blishing every day won’t be tough at all â€" but I can PROMISE you, you WILL slow down, and it will get harder.That said, some bloggers don’t set any blogging schedule at all, so they get lazy and don’t update for months at a time. Both of these are problems because your audience needs to have some predictability; they want to know when they can expect you to publish.When you publish too frequently (or infrequently), you create an unpredictable pattern that can frustrate your readers and cost you an audience.My advice: Be honest with yourself and start conservatively. Commit to publishing on a schedule that makes sense for your real life and other obligations.Space out your posts (don’t publish five all at once!) so that you have a steady stream of content to keep people coming back.2. Not using headers or whitespaceIf your blog looks like a big, scary wall of text, readers are going to bounce in a hot minute! Even if your ideas are amazing, presentation is half the battle.T ry to break up paragraphs by using headings between them to give your reader’s eyes some anchor points. Keep paragraphs to 3 â€" 5 sentences maximum, and keep sentences under 30 words (if you can help it).(Psst… want more tips on readability? This piece from Conversion Review is pretty amazing, even talking about the impacts of different fonts!) 3. Using “click here” links instead of real keywordsIt adds uncertainty: Have you ever visited a site that wanted you to “click here, here, and here” to learn more information? The problem with these is that users can’t differentiate those links from one another, nor can they glean any information on where they’re likely to wind up. Your links should be descriptive of what comes after the user clicks so that there’s no mysteryIt costs you trust: This is the internet age, and the average consumer is wary of ambiguous calls to “CLICK HERE,” which might be sheltering (at best) spam and (at worst) a virus. You work so har d to earn your customer’s loyaltyâ€"don’t throw it away on awful gimmicksHow should you embed links in your blog posts?DON’T find a new placeholder. Killing “CLICK HERE” from your syntax is not an excuse to start using “CHECK IT OUT” or linking to the work “link.”DO inform your reader where they’re going when they click the link. A reader should have all the context they need, just by reading the embedded line.DON’T anchor links to verbs, pronouns, prepositions, etc. These words are not concrete, and give readers a harder time gauging where they are going.DO anchor links to appropriate nouns, or even small sentences including both nouns and verbs. This makes it so much easier for your visitor.DON’T jam links into the middle of a sentence. While not the gravest blogging mistake, it does dissuade readers from taking immediate action. A possible exception to this is when you’re just linking for the sake of sourcing.DO end sentences or paragraphs on a link â€" especially your own links. Links are actionable! Your reader has finished their thought and will now be more compelled to explore additional content.Need an example? Why don’t we clean up that earlier plug: “Even amateurs can blog like pros after reading How to Start a Blogâ€"A Complete Beginner’s Guide.“ Ah! Now that’s linking that clicks.4. Not using imagesWait, you expect people to sit down and read words? I joke, of course â€" but surprisingly, we’ve known since 2008 that your average visitor will read less than 20% of your text content.Encourage more comments: Nobody likes to feel like they’re talking to a wallâ€"we all crave a real, tangible exchange of information. When someone comments on your post, they’re opening a dialogue with you, and only by responding can you continue that conversation. Seeing this exchange, you may entice more people into commenting too.Build your credibility and establish your authority: Many times, people taking to the comments will pose questions and expect you to have the answers. Other times, they might disagree with you, and raise some counterpoints. In both of these cases, responding is a great way to establish your expertise on the subject and share some knowledge.Social proof: Simply put, readers are lured to blogs with bigger followings. These blogs have a fanbase, which gives them more attention, which in turn lures more readers, etc. By commenting on your comments, you’ll augment your comment count, and maybe even entice some new visitors to stay and check you out.If you really want to snag your reader’s attention from the outset, you can also do something not showcased in this post: you can direct them to your conclusion from the get-go.For example, I could have capped my intro with the line: “For a snapshot of the most important points I cover in this post, skip to the bottom.” It’s important to give your readers a “So what?” as early in the post as possible to hook them; don’t save it all for a “big reveal”.Show them you understand their problems and have an answer they are looking for! Have any more blogging fails that the big lists fail to mention, but that we could all do without? Let me know in the comments below!Share those blogging mistakes on your own blog How to come up with a blog name Blog analytics

Dreams and Reality - 919 Words

Sleepwalking Sleepwalking has always attracted a sense of mystery and suspense. Has anyone here ever watched someone who was sleepwalking? I have. I was 13 years old and it was in camp when I watched my friend get out of bed and walk to the front door of our bunkhouse. I had no idea that she was sleepwalking. I tried whispering her name but when she didn’t turn around, I just figured she hadn’t heard me. I called out to her louder but still she didn’t respond. That’s when I noticed the faraway look on her face. Her eyes were glazed over and her face had a blank stare. She didn’t turn back; she just kept walking straight towards the door. It was a very eerie thing to watch. I remember not being able to do anything but stare at†¦show more content†¦Symptoms of sleepwalking include: * Walking during sleep * Taking in sleep and saying things that do not make sense * Sitting up and appearing awake during sleep * Opening eyes, having a blank look during sleep * Performing detailed activity of any type during sleep * Acting confused or disoriented when they wake up What are its treatments? Although there are some drugs that can be prescribed for sleepwalking, most people dont need any specific treatment for sleepwalking. Many experts just advise on putting away dangerous items and locking doors and windows before sleep to lower the risk of harmful activity. (This includes moving objects such as electrical cords or furniture to reduce the chances of tripping and falling. You may also need to block off stairways with a gate.) Avoiding sleep deprivation and going to sleep the same time on a regular basis are also recommended. Some people mistakenly believe that a sleepwalker should not be woken up. It is not dangerous to awaken a sleepwalker. If you do so, the sleepwalker will only be a little confused and disoriented. Experts suggest to gently guide the sleepwalker back to bed without waking them. What can you hope for a sleepwalker? Sleepwalking usually decreases as children get older. It usually does not indicate a serious disorder, although it can be a symptom of other disorders. How can you prevent it? * Avoid the use of alcohol or sedatives if you sleepwalk.Show MoreRelatedThe Reality of Dreams875 Words   |  4 PagesThe Reality of Dreams In the novel, Waiting for the Barbarians by J.M Coetzee, the magistrate’s progressive, non-linear dreams are a parallel to his growing involvement with the barbarians and his growing distaste for the empire. The great psychoanalyst, Sigmund Freud said, â€Å"The interpretation of dreams is the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious.† In every dream there is a hidden meaning and when the reader starts analyzing the magistrate’s dreams he reveals that he is oddly attractedRead MoreDreams and Reality888 Words   |  4 PagesDreams and Reality DreamsÂ…do you have any? Of Coarse you do; everyone does. Everyone has dreams and personal desires that they would wish to fulfill. Dreams provide us with something to look forward to in life and they even sometimes comfort us: but these can often be misleading in reality. Dreams could be within your grasp one minute but slither away and demolish the next. This is portrayed in the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, the play Romeo and Juliet by WilliamRead MoreDreams Vs Reality Essay : Dreams And Reality901 Words   |  4 Pages Dreams Vs Reality At some point, someone has said that high school will be the best four years of their lives and college gets even better. So with that idea in people’s heads, they come up with their ideal image of the college. They start planning the perfect scenario of what college they will go to and what their roommate will be like. They often try to compare an unrealistic image and turn it into a realistic image, but they are unlike in many ways. Once students step onto the college campusRead MoreThe American Dream And The Reality Of The American Dream931 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica, land of dreams, is home to the world’s largest immigrant population. Why do so many want to come to America? It may be because of the employment opportunities, or reunification with family members, or the many rights and freedoms that Americans have. But a large part of immigration to America is due to the American Dream, the belief that every US citizen has an equal opportunity to achieve succes s through hard work and determination. The concept of the American Dream was recognized as earlyRead MoreThe American Dream: Is It a Reality?1890 Words   |  8 PagesIs The American Dream Just A Dream? I think that the American Dream is a social ideal based on equality in social, political and economic rights and privileges. The constitution of this country suggests that every person who lives on American soil is free. In the United States Declaration of Independence our founding fathers:Â…held certain truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are lifeRead MoreIs The American Dream A False Reality?1240 Words   |  5 PagesMike Jacobie Mrs. Fagle-Fedele English 11 15, March, 2016 Is the American dream a false reality? In Lorraine Hansberrys book A Raison in the Sun, we experienced the dreams of the charactors. As we bounce around from charactor to charactor, we learn that their dreams can be attainable and realistic. We also learned what can help nurture a dream as well as what can impede a dream. Lena Younger also known as Mama is the matriarch of the family. she is religious, moral, and maternalRead MoreThe American Dream : The Reality Of America860 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica throughout time has been known as a country for opportunity and freedom, where anyone can come and have a fair chance at living their â€Å"American Dream.† The stereotypical American dream is having a two parent family, with stable income, owning a home with a white picket fence with two children. But the reality of America is that this â€Å"dream† is achieved more easily by white men. Even though America is supposedly â€Å"The land of the free† and provides â€Å"Liberty and Justice for all†, these statementsRead More From a Dream to Reality Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesFrom a Dream to Reality When I decided to go back to school my objective was not only to increase my knowledge and receive a degree, but I decided that the only profession for me to pursue would be to earn a degree in teaching. Not because a business or computer degree would be out of my grasp, I can learn anything necessary to do a job, but because by earning a degree in teaching I would be able to fulfill a dream of mine that I had held since my own days in school. I want to be able to helpRead MoreThe Shattered Glass Of Dreams And Reality2375 Words   |  10 Pageslearning and growing as the years go on? You go to school, you go to parties, you get drunk, you fall in love for the first time and you get your heart broken. You graduate, you go to University and you get a diploma. You get a well paying job or your dream career and finally settle down with the love of your life and build a beautiful family. You learn and grow even more with your children, before sending them off into the real world. You gro w old together, remembering all the wild and fun times youRead MorePersonal Experience: Dream to Reality712 Words   |  3 PagesJaenna set the bird on a stone and eased the arrow from its breast. Poor lil creature, she thought. All tha places it mighve flown had its life not just been snuffed... She squated down over a puddle a few paces away and swashed the arrows head around in the water. As the ripples disappated, Jaenna gazed straight down at her reflection. She imagined that the hair that dangled over her cheeks were wings, albeit, sodden wings. And wondered where she would fly if they were. She bobbed her head

Developing A Growing Child s Initial Development - 926 Words

Being able to make decisions is very significant in a growing child’s initial development. This speeds up their mental development and their personality. The simple act of selecting what color to paint the grass will rapidly speed up their decision making skills tremendously. Unlike much of the core curriculum in which accurate answer and instructions triumph, in the arts, it is ruling and creativity rather than rules that conquer; this generates a free mind in a child and that develops a basis to a new way of thinking. This will lead them down the road to be able to teach children that problems can have more than one solution in life. It clarifies to kids that in harder arrangements of problem solving purposes are infrequently fixed, but can alter with situation and opportunity. Learning in the arts requires ability and a willingness to surrender to the unanticipated possibilities of the work as it folds. (Eisner). The arts develop a sense of independence, and confidence wi thin a child which can benefit them for years to come. The arts play a big role in the development of perseverance and focus. These are big steps into growing up and becoming an adult. Perseverance and patience is developed when a child first picks up their paintbrush or first instrument, they realize they are not going to be able to paint like Michelangelo or play like Beethoven. These kids realize it takes years, and self-discipline to triumph to a form of greatness for the individual disciplines.Show MoreRelatedThe Child s Language Development1475 Words   |  6 Pagesblends, but most of the phonemes of the child’s language are fully developed. In early childhood through school-age, the child’s language development will plateau; however, the interaction with social development increases the child’s pragmatic skills, which feeds into more refined expressive and receptive language. Social development becomes measurable when the child is in the experimenter stage. The emergence of the infant’s social and representational behavior reflects most clearly in communicationRead MoreAnalysis And Application Of Early Childhood Developmental Psychology878 Words   |  4 Pagescognitive, emotional and moral development plays an integral part in the early development of a child’s brain maturity. Biological Argument(s) A child’s brain is very delicate during the early developmental years, especially between ages 2 and 6. Although the brain is already functioning by age 2 there are many areas that remain undeveloped (Berger, 2014). Information processing is much slower, and the brain is unbalanced at this stage of development; thus causing the child to be impulsive in his orRead MoreTrust vs Mistrust Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pagesvs. mistrust’, which occurs from birth and throughout the first year of an infant’s life (Candlin 2008, p.76). Erikson’s theory of ‘trust vs. mistrust’ will be outlined in this paper to suggest how it can be implemented to support parents in developing positive relationships and attachment with their infant and lay the foundations for trusting relationships into adulthood. When an infant is born they have limited capacity for thought and little memory, they require time to build a rapport andRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs893 Words   |  4 PagesMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs The Thrive approach was created by a body of specialists including OFSTED who have worked within education since 1994. Thrives approach is to identify children at an early stage in their emotional development. Addressing the emotional development of an individual at an early stage can build upon the individuals or child’s resilience, which in turn can help reduce the risk of mental illness. Currently, there are thousands of schools across the United Kingdom using theRead MoreThe Psychological And Psychological Aspects Of Drug Use Prevention Programs1593 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper will emphasize the necessity of school-based drug use prevention programs by supporting the psychological growth and understanding of the harmful effects of drug abuse. Forming healthy parent-child relations, external social determinants, and the neurobiological imbalance during the developing stage of youth (Pokhrel, Herzong, Black, Zaman, Riggs, Sussman, 2013, p. 218) play key roles in the decision making processes. By reflecting on determining factors of cannabis initiation, we will beRead MoreEssay about Everyone Is Capable of Becoming a Lifelong Learner1364 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneral education peers. This particular type of disability is caused by birth defects. Birth defects cause serious problems within a person’s physical make up and usually affect multiple body part systems. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (2011) talks about specific developmental delays like nervous system disabilities (Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorders), sensory related disabilities (Congenital Rubella, Williams Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome)Read MoreExplain How the Role of the Teacher Changes in the Process of the Childs Growing Normalisation (Socialisation).1732 Words   |  7 Pagesof normalisation, describe the teachers initial approach with new children, explain the change in the teachers role as each child begins to concentrate and focus on activities, and finally I will give reasons why a child might regress. There are four characteristics that appear in every child that is developing normally. These are; love of work, concentration, self-discipline and sociability. Therefore normalisation is the process, through which the child obtains these characteristics, by repeatedlyRead MoreBcg Matrix Is A Model Developed Via The Boston Consultancy Group1691 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' BCG Matrix The BCG matrix is a model developed via the Boston Consultancy group within the early 1970’s. It is a good known device for an advertising manager. It s based on the commentary that a company’s business models can be categorized into four important categories centered on combos of market development and market share, for this hence the name growth-share matrix. Market progress represents the industry attractive attractiveness, and market share stands for competitive knowledge. ThisRead MoreCognitive Psychology : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1447 Words   |  6 Pageslacking. Behavior therapy consequently gained distinction but in the 1960s, these therapies were initially controversial and primarily relegated to the treatment of behavior dysfunction in severely disordered children. It was until the mid to late 1970’s that the expansion of behavioral therapies reached higher functioning clients, mix the role of cognitive processing, and incorporate a focus on emoti ons. The transition did not happen at once. In the end. Social cognitive processing of self-control,Read MoreChildhood Trauma And How The Environment Affects Their Learning1452 Words   |  6 PagesScientific research over the last 20 years has demonstrated that repeated exposure to trauma and chronic stress in early childhood can impair brain development. For my research I have chosen the topic: Childhood Trauma and how the environment affects their learning. Increasing the quality of service and their stability help to foster positive responsive relationships with nurturing caregivers. As children struggle it is important for us to identify environmental factors and triggers that have an

Madam Cj Walker Uncovering An Indiana Treasure - 776 Words

Madam CJ Walker Uncovering an Indiana Treasure Madam CJ Walker was an uneducated woman and child of 2 former slaves. She was the first woman of either race to make money and become wealthy and successful completely on her own. Madam Walker only had 2 dollars and a dream when she began her business of manufacturing and distributing hair growth improvement shampoo. She started selling by going door to door, which turned into a full on manufacturing business. With this money, she quickly became a philanthropist because of her will to help other people grow and become self sufficient on their own. She contributed to many orphanages, local businesses and educational institutions because she wished to support her community and young people with the resources that she had wished she had. More Than Petticoats Madam s husband and business Lawyer convinced her to donate money to the community in order to bring positive attention to her business. This idea worked, but also grew and gave her many more opportunities to give to her community. Madam helped her poor neighbors in Indianapolis by supporting them on rent and groceries, gave coins to children in return for running her errands, and spoke to women about education and bettering themselves. Through her actions and large donations to local organizations, she touched many peoples lives and became a well established and thought of member of the Indianapolis community. NYT - The Charitable-Industrial Complex Warren Buffet s

Air Canada And Detrimental To The Market Extension †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Air Canada And Detrimental To The Market Extension. Answer: Synopsis Air Canada, founded in 2001 has its headquarters located in Saint-Laurent. The company is dominated by its rival and competitor Westjet and it is due to the lack of strategy and implementation of the same. Their lack of governing policies has also proliferated the number of employee confrontation and a decrease in the productivity rate. From the case study, it becomes apparent that Air Canada has done very little to compete in the U.S airline market dispersed by competent airline companies. At a glance it becomes evident that Air Canada lacks innovation in the sector of offering products and services to the passengers. There are many areas where Air Canada has lagged behind like making customer satisfaction upmost priority. Moreover, the credit account of Air Canada has gone bankrupt due to their high operational costs as a result of which the revenue has declined significantly to $1million from the stipulated $900 million. Over the years market analysts have predicted decline in the revenue quarters and lost domestic has market share (Williams, 2017). Furthermore, on a number of occasions Air Canada has found itself dominated by employee union and customer demands. The situation was further aggravated by its constant elimination of employees in order to curtail the expenses which in turn de-motivated the younger employees who just started off their career. The case study in a nutshell brings to the surface the loopholes in the operation andmanagement sector of Air Canada that have sprung a number of disadvantages. Symptoms Air Canada has failed to mushroom its network and as a result Westjet has taken over the position of being the dominant airline in the Canadian market. Air Canada has lagged behind in providing customer satisfaction even during their own failure in providing punctual and quality services. It is also apparent how Air Canada has failed in understanding customer requirements and catering accordingly. Air Canada is far behind in employee motivation and appreciation as a result they are losing out employees to other airline companies like Westjet who has always kept the employee satisfaction as the first preference. Themanagement sector has failed to curb the draining of $1 billion revenue especially when Air Canada is on the tip of bankruptcy. Instead of implementing strategies they slacked potential employees. Air Canada has high maintenance cost and they have done little to craft a competent budget to evaluate or moderate the annual expenditure. Problems There are a number of issues faced by Air Canada and detrimental to the market extension and networking of Air Canada. Lack of Innovation- Air Canada has failed to improve its technological aspects that would prove beneficial in serving the passengers better, since these are already embraced by its rival competitors, it has furthered lowered its popularity. In fact, Air Canada has proven in efficient to provide proper accommodation to those customers who faced inconvenience due to abnormal delay in flight (Limpanitgul, Boonchoo Photiyarach, 2014). On the other hand, its rival competitors like Westjet, has been handling exceptionally well by choosing SabreSonic Customer Sales and Service Solutions. High Operational Costs- operational costs like salary expense per employee can affect airline profitability. Fuel costs add up to one-seventh of Air Canadas total expenses. These factors have dwindled the profit of Air Canada as it has repeatedly failed to cope up like increasing the ticket prices with these changes. Employee Dissatisfaction- according to the case study, employees has shown contempt and dissatisfaction towards the job. This is because of work-life balance and random elimination of employees and lack of employee motivation. Whereas, in Westjet, the workers were treated as potential weapon for companys growth and success. This has negatively affected the service they cater to customers thereby affecting customer satisfaction (Ford, Paparoidamis Chumpitaz, 2015). In order to increase profitability and market share, Air Canada needed to ensure employee motivation and customer satisfaction (Anitha Begum, 2016). The employee pension gap hurdle is the other issue that has been detrimental to employee satisfaction. Shrinking the company time and again has only added to their list of bad reputation and management. Causes Air Canada has consistently shown incompetency in the organizational capacities to value their employees and integrate them in companys work and culture. The fact that there has been an issue regarding work-life balance, flexible work schedule and performance evaluation has went unnoticed by themanagement authorities. This has aggravated the situation. Lack of effective operational cost management in Air Canada has led to a failure in achieving a balance between service and cost. The same has hindered the company to achieve highest revenue retention with the least or necessity expenditure on resources. The cause behind poor innovation is Air Canadas failure to embrace trends in technological sectors and analyzing consumer psychology. Alternatives Air Canada should focus on developing a competent HRM policy by which they will be able to retain talent in the workforce instead of restructuring or downsizing. It makes the employees feel demotivated, inadequate and incapable. Air Canada should create a formal office to deal with passenger complaints instead of spending in bulk for operational costs. They can implement plans to deal with delayed flights, poor handling of luggage and flier programs that charge high fees (Kandampully, Bilgihan Zhang, 2016). Proposed Solution The operational cost management crew should schedule marketing objectives and aircraft assignment and utilization to confront the immediate problem of high operational costs. A detailed plan and budget on aircraft maintenance requirements and expenditure is also required. The same has helped Westjet to take over the Canada sky and dominate the market. The Human Resource Management can introduce a policy of stringent selection of employees and invest in extensive training for proper training sessions. They can motivate the workers through a program of coupons and vouchers, employee health plans, rewards and recognition. Creation of espirit de corps can enable the management to know about strengths and weaknesses and implement strategies according to improve the same. Air Canada suffers from a lack of technical innovation in an era of seamless digital interface and other operational efficiencies. The management should take steps to reduce the occurrences of operational glitches (Wang et al., 2017). However, with dynamic pricing, Air Canada can make presumptions about the type of passengers they are catering to and their preferences. Providing superior quality customer convenience should be the primary goal of Air Canada especially when it is competing with Westjet which has allowed the benefit of flight cancellation up to 24 hours with full refund. The operating model and management skills of Air Canada should be focused on enhancing customer satisfaction. Implementation Lack of Innovation Employee Discontent High Operational Costs 1. keeping a pace with the technological innovation 2. Assessing consumer psychology and behavioral pattern to implement it in areas like flight booking or seat reservation. 1. Introducing promotional schemes and other hike in wage on employment evaluation. 1. Maintenance of supply chain requirements. 2. Developing an IRROPS Cost Model. 3. A measurement system to track costs and evaluate performance according to shifting trends. References: Anitha, J., Begum, F. N. (2016). Role of organisational culture and employee commitment in employee retention. ASBM Journal of Management, 9(1), 17. Ford, J. B., Paparoidamis, N., Chumpitaz, R. (2015). Service quality, customer satisfaction, value and loyalty: An empirical investigation of the airline services industry. In The Sustainable Global Marketplace (pp. 187-187). Springer, Cham. Kandampully, J., Bilgihan, A., Zhang, T. C. (2016). Developing a people-technology hybrids model to unleash innovation and creativity: The new hospitality frontier. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 29, 154-164. Kristjanpoller, W. D., Concha, D. (2016). Impact of fuel price fluctuations on airline stock returns. Applied Energy, 178, 496-504. Limpanitgul, T., Boonchoo, P., Photiyarach, S. (2014). Coworker support and organisational commitment: A comparative study of Thai employees working in Thai and American airlines. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 21, 100-107. Vowles, T. M., Lck, M. (2016). Low Cost Carriers in the USA and Canada. The Low Cost Carrier Worldwide, 61. Wang, Y., So, K. K. F., Sparks, B. A. (2017). What technology-enabled Services do air travelers value? investigating the role of technology readiness. Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research, 41(7), 771-796. Williams, G. (2017). The airline industry and the impact of deregulation. Routledge.

Compensation, Benefits and Information Systems

The reasons for employee benefits Most modern organizations are recognizing the employees’ compensation as one of the significant organization practices. Studies indicate that not only the employees that benefit from such practices but also the organizations (Shields, 2009). Most organizations perceive employees’ compensations as being costly. However, the benefits surpass the costs involved.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Compensation, Benefits and Information Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In essence, proper compensation ensure continuous flow of qualifies staff with required skills and technical competence to keep the organization at the competitive edge. The organizations have to recognize the fact that the qualified staff with required skills and technical competence is the key driver for their growth and development. With current competitive environment, organizations find it necess ary to keep such qualified staff within their workforce. In addition, organizations must remain flexible when it comes to the management of employees’ compensations and benefits On the part of employees, increased compensation and benefits ensure augmented productivity due to the satisfaction they receive from such benefits. Well-compensated employees feel protected from social ills that may affect the work processes that in turn may result in decreased performance. In other words, compensation and benefits that takes into consideration needs of workers are critical in the general output of the employees. The application of agency theory in executive compensation In the context of an organization, an agency is an entity that acts on behalf of the principle. The principle, in this context, is the shareholders (Shields, 2009). The principal have the responsibility of compensating the agent that can either be a CEO or any other entity hired by the principal to perform a particul ar duty. According to the agency theory, the agent must be loyal and obedient to the principle. The agents are compensated based on their loyalty that determines the level of performance. In essence, the organizations must apply the principle-based executive compensation strategies to ensure cordial relations between the agents and the principle. The advantage with principle-based executive compensation is that it irons out the differences that may arise between the principal and the agent. Main forms of performance-related pay option The performance-related pay covers various forms of employees’ compensations that take into consideration the output of individual workers. In other words, workers are compensated according to the individual performance. The performance-based pay is applied in the circumstances where workers can easily show a discrepancy in their productivity depending on the individual endeavor.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's se e if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In such situations, performance-based pay is believed to have greater chance of increasing workers performance.  There are various forms of performance-based pay. However, the most commonly practiced include the piecework pay where the compensations are based on each unit of output. Piecework pay is majorly applied in public institutions. The advantage of piecework compensation is that it prevents public wastage and less costly in terms of financial management. The greater disadvantage with this form of performance-based compensation is that it does not motivate workers particularly in the situations where output cannot be measured. The other form of commonly used performance-based pay is the result oriented pay. In this form of performance-based payments, workers are compensated according to the quantity of output or measured value. The compensation increases with the increase in the results. The result o riented pay is closely related to merit pay where the compensation is pegged on the individual contribution in the general performance. Profit related pay is another form of performance-based payment where the organizations reimburse their employees depending on the level of profits or gains made by the company.  One of the major advantages with all these forms of payment is that the employees are motivated to attain the greater output. The forms of compensation also enhance the performance culture among the employees and within the organization. However, these forms of compensation can hardly be determined without appropriate measurement procedure. In the circumstances where the output cannot easily be measure, performance based compensations have increased limiting factors. References Shields, J. (2009). Managing employee performance and reward: concepts, practices, strategies. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. This essay on Compensation, Benefits and Information Systems was written and submitted by user Vaughn H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Voter Turnout essays

Voter Turnout essays American voter turnout in the past most recent presidential election, in my opinion, was embarrassing. The less than fifty percent of adults that turned out made Americans look like they just do not care. There are many factors that contribute to voter turnout. One of these is the registration requirements. This is the practice of placing citizens names on an official list of voters before they are eligible to exercise their right to vote. It started out as a way to keep people from casting more than one vote. This was a good idea until people started forgetting to register, or didnt get around to it before election day. After this, voter turnout started to decline. Some of the reasons people dont register are because they dont know when or where to do it. Poor and less educated citizens are the most likely to not turn out. Even if they do know where and when to go, a great deal of them do not have transportation or time to get there. Not all states go about making this kn owledge very publicly known in some areas. Sometimes citizens also have to have legal residency by living in the same place for a certain amount of time in order to be eligible to vote. Many states are not very concerned with increasing voter turnout. The frequency of elections also contributes to voter turnout. It decreases the amount of participation by requiring more effort by voters. Most people skip the primary elections and decide to vote just once. The fact that election days are usually on Tuesday also creates a problem with the working adult. Another reason for low voter turnout is due to the fact that Americans dont really see a difference between the major political parties. No party wants to alienate an entire group of people, so they wont really take a firm stand on a policy. Many Americans also feel apathetic or alienated towards voting. This means they either have feelings of personal non-interest...

A Theory of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Theory of Art - Essay Example Art is an important part of the life experience as it evokes feelings and emotions that attach themselves to the work in question and portrays the meaning of our culture. Yet, society continues to struggle with the definition of art. Art defies description; we may know it when we see it, but we can not define it as it is too complex, varied, and prone to individual subjectivity. To define art, it is first necessary to define where the art is at. The art may be the act of its production, the end result, or the sensation that the viewer experiences from the encounter. To be considered art, all three components must be consciously involved in its production. As an example, if a paint can inadvertently spills onto a canvas, it is not art even if it is beautiful. There was no action on the part of the artist that would elevate an accidental spill to the level of art. Likewise, if the art produces no sensation in the viewer, such as a bottle of urine, then the art has no artistic content no matter how much time and effort the artist spent. Allowing a work to be labelled 'art' that does not meet these requirements results in the flood of mediocrity, and worse, that has recently come to the attention of the popular media. Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres described these types of works in the 18th century as, "banality, which is a public scourge, which afflicts taste a nd burdens the administration, fruitlessly absorbing resources, it would be best to abandon exhibitions; to declare boldly that only monumental painting be encouraged" (cited in Harrison, Wood, & Gaiger, 1998, p.469). Ignoring this important aspect of art has been responsible for inappropriate bodily fluids being labelled and accepted as mainstream art. The standard definition of art includes the traditional view that artwork is characterized by the possession of representational properties, expressive properties, or formal properties (Adajian, 2007). This definition also would include many items that are not art and were never intended to be art. A shopping list would not be considered art, yet may qualify under this generic definition. This simplistic set of requirements is not complete enough and is too broad to be of any value. While it may describe some objects and acts that are not art, it stops far short of defining what art is. To accommodate and update this traditional definition, recent decades have seen a surge of theories and movements designed to justify new and unusual art forms.Any theory or movement that adequately defines art and aestheticism would be necessarily narrow and exclusionary. While some schools of art, such as the Dada movement believes that anything can be art, other movements, such as minimalism, belie ve that nothing is art. These extreme positions, in regards to the definition of art, only serve to include every worldly endeavour as artistically worthwhile, but do little to help define art. In fact, these broad, nihilistic, and inclusive movements dilute art's purpose, meaning, and cultural value. Art needs to be defined within a set of boundaries that are acceptable by cognitive recognition and reflect a sense of values. This does not imply that the values need to adhere to any preconceived framework of acceptability. While racism may be an unacceptable human value, its portrayal could serve

Microfinance Institutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Microfinance Institutions - Essay Example Between the 1950s and the 70s, governments and donors used to channel funds to the poor communities for development through rural credit programmes, with most of these funds being subsidised. The results were high loan default rates and high loses that made it impossible to reach the targeted rural poor households (Anyanwu, 2004). In the early 1980s, the history of microfinance institutions gained shape as more of these institutions sprouted in developing countries. The Grameen Bank was among the first pioneers to offer small loans and savings services to clients on a large scale with considerable profit margins. These banks did not have any subsidies, they had highly sustainable businesses and were not commercially funded; they also had a wide outreach in such rural areas (Robinson, 2001). The difference between these institutions and the credit programs rolled by governments in the 50s and 60s was that the new institutions had more emphasis on repayment of credits, charged some int erests to cater for the costs of credit delivery and had more attention on customers in the informal sectors (Jegede, kehinde & Ahmed, 2011). In the early 1990s, there was increased growth of MFIs in the number of developed institutions initiated and outreach to more customers. The 90s was the microfinance decade, with attention changing from provision of microcredit to the informal sectors to provision of more services such as savings and pensions that the poor demanded, and which led to the name microfinance institutions (Jegede, kehinde & Ahmed, 2011). Doubts on their effectiveness Though microfinance institutions were believed to benefit the poor, there are ranging debates on the effectiveness of such institutions, with major doubts on their effectiveness in eradicating poverty among rural communities. Hulme & Mosley (1996) in a study on the effectiveness of microfinance institutions observed that the poor households in most cases do not benefit from these institutions (those be low the poverty line). The institutions usually benefit those way above the poverty line, defeating the purpose of microfinance institutions in poverty reduction. Most poor individuals according to this study but with significant starting incomes, when given such microcredits had much less growth in incomes obtained compared to the groups that did not receive the microcredits. In other words, the study indicated that credit is not the only factor to be considered in income generation, but other factors such as entrepreneurial skills have to be considered. Karnani (2007) further concurs that most people do not have the skills, visions, creativity and the persistence necessary in entrepreneurship. According to Karnani, in more developed countries, over 90% of people with incomes are in employed labour and not in entrepreneurship. This suggests that it is a simplistic assumption to offer credit facilities to the poor to start successful businesses. Moreover Pollin (2007) asserts that s mall business run by the poor cannot be successful by the mere fact that they have more opportunities to obtain such credit to initiate them. There are other factors that are pertinent and which are addressed in microcredit provision in poor areas. These include roads, affordable transport to move produce and market support to identify and target customers, which is mostly ignored in such efforts (Pollin, 2007). Daley-Harris (2007) on the same note remarked that microfinance cannot be the solution to global poverty levels, and neither can education, economic growth or proper educational facilities. In other words, it is not possible to use a single intervention to address poverty across the

Historical Institutionalism Summary and Analysis

Historical Institutionalism Summary and Analysis Introduction In this essay I will argue that Historical Institutionalism offers a superior and more comprehensive view of change than the Sociological Institutionalism or Rational Choice Institutionalism alternatives. Is important to point out that the definition of change considered for this essay is the intended or unintended consequences of a strategic set of actions taken in a precise and determined time and space, in contrast to other possibilities in the same context (Hay and Wincott, 1998). To do this I will compare the competing views of Institutional Change that are presented in Rational Choice Institutionalism, Sociological Institutionalism and Historical Institutionalism to unveil that the view of the latter is more comprehensive than the other two due to the wide scope of the concept of change and the versatility provided by the cultural and calculus approaches included in the branch. I will examine the proposal of Rational Choice Institutionalism, first. Describe shortly what this new form of Institutionalism introduces to the discipline and evaluate what the scholars of this form consider that institutional change is. Then I will show how and why their vision is narrowed and cannot really explain most of institutional change on its own. Secondly, I will analyse Sociological Institutionalism, mentioning the elemental characteristics that separates it from the other two forms of New Institutionalism. Following I will explain the engine of change for sociological institutionalism and I will point out why there is not enough comprehension of how context affect the outcomes and why it is inherently contradictory by denying Rational Choice assumptions, yet assuming rationality in the way organizations operate. Lastly I will describe Historical Institutionalism to recognize their originality and explain the ambidexterity it possesses between Rational Choice Institutionalism and Sociological Institutionalism. I will clarify the calculus and cultural approaches to understand how they bring concepts of the two previously mentioned into the historical study. On the last part I will explain why is the analysis of change superior under the branch of Historical Institutionalism than both Sociological and Rational Choice Institutionalisms by pointing out how scholars on the first one have surpassed the critiques and flaws of the other two. Rational Choice Rational Choice Institutionalism is predicated on the idea that the individuals composing a society seek utility maximization (Tsebelis, 1990). In a process of rational negotiation, individuals consciously enact the rules determined to act upon every member of society. In that way, they choose rationally the characteristics that will shape their institutions (Shepsle, 1989). In other words, institutions are, for this approach, a set of rules, agreed by society in order to set the correct behaviour under certain circumstances and in specific situations. This way conflicts are prevented and the social costs of collective actions are contained and reduced (Hall and Taylor, 1996). To understand more about this current, we need to point out that the genesis of the Rational Choice Institutionalism is the study of congressional behaviour in the United States as a way of expanding classical Rational Choice into matter that did not fit the models provided up until then by the discipline, like stability of congressional outcomes (Hall and Taylor, 1996). When referring to change in institutions, Rational Choice does not offer much explanation or even -some would argue- does not consider the existence of a possibility that institutions might change. The term renegotiation-proof must come into consideration now. This concept defines the situation where none of the actors with considerable power to change an institution are willing to do so. Since the core affirmation is that institutions are selected rationally by rational thinkers that seek to optimize their benefit within society, it is logical to understand that there was a previous negotiation process prior to the adoption of such institution, in which all the related subjects to the institution where discussed and approved by the individuals.   According to Selten (1975) an institution must be the proof of renegotiation since that particular and central characteristic provides society with the consistency that precludes any deviation of the expected behaviour, therefore eli minating the cost of instability. Since the utility and effectiveness of institutions is locked to its capability to regulate the behaviour of the members of society, changes would bring instability, confusion and unexpected set of affairs that would increase social costs. It is, thusly, understood that one of the main duties of the state and the higher governmental apparatus is to maintain the institutional arrangement among the individuals, utilizing the processes of cooperation and socialization, (i.e. education) to inculcate this and minimize the virtual perception that institution do not serve the common good (Seznick, 1949; Lipset and Rokkan, 1967; Eisenstadt and Rokkan, 1973; Widavsky, 1987; Sunstein, 1990; Greber and Jackson, 1993 in March and Olsen, 1996). Instead of changing institutions, according to Rational Choice, it is expected that institution, when faced to different context from which it emerged, apply a pre-arranged framework that can support the inclusion of the new ideas and perceptions of the society but keeping the fundamental attributes of the institution itself. Therefore we may say that beforehand, institutions provide a plan of change that is intrinsic to the institution itself, preventing the transition from one to the other but not impeding the transformation of the original one, meaning that this variations are included in the starting vision of the institution (Shepsle, 1989) In other words, institutional change would only consist of institutions following the pre-set plan. For this reason, it is my consideration that the Rational Choice Institutionalism concept of change, should be replaced and referred more precisely as Institutional Evolution since it does not contemplate the substitution of one institution for another nor a transformation that suits better for reality or for the societys need, rather than the morphology of the existing ones according to the original projection. In brief, institutions do not really want to change, those who can change it rather reaffirm it through education to avoid the costs of uncertainty and re-adaptation. Therefore, we can state that Rational Choice Institutionalism studies the ways in which an institution is reinforced and reproduced within the members of a state, by sustaining the idea that spontaneous change or diversity has more cons than pros. Also it is comprehended in this argument the idea that a functional society works better with a faulty institution than without institutions. On the other hand, Rational Choice Institutionalism face the undeniable modification of an institution, it is assumed by this view that all transformation occur within the evolutionary plan of an institution, so that it is not viewed as a change, rather than a natural development through time. And, more importantly, departing from the point that institutions are rationally constructed for the benefit of an organised society, one might al so ask, as a valid criticism, cui bono from this arrangement. Sociological Institutionalism The second current of the new institutionalism is the one that arose from organizational theory in the field of sociology. Since the work of Weber, the sociologists turn their attention to the bureaucracies that shaped structures in different societies. Whether that was on state level, private enterprises, educational organizations, etc. Later in the 1970s, the need to separate those who study organizations from those focused on culture related analysis was explicit. But opposing to this, the new form of institutionalism arrived. It stated that the way bureaucracies where organized was not predicated on the premise of the greater efficiency, but they were often shaped to its core by the particular culture surrounding the structure in question. They found that this mandatory resemblance to the cultural identity was, in that way, in order to secure and support the complex process of cultural transmission. From this perspective, we can say that it seeks to answer the question of why do certain organizations take a particular shape and form (Hall and Taylor, 1996). Sociological Institutionalism is concerned with the legitimacy of organizations and bureaucracy. This branch of institutionalism considers that legitimate institutions get bureaucratized essentially following the norms that culture imposes. That is to say, institutions are shaped by culture, to the point that it is difficult to find two with a perfect resemblance since they must be adapted to the context in which they are reproduced or take place. Although certain degree of affinity can be found, for example, in the education systems of different countries, which researchers of this form of new institutionalism call isomorphism. If it is so that culture is the ultimate determinant of the shape of organizations and the structures of institutions, then there would be no room in this current for this type of isomorphism, but said concept is cleverly explained by the natural similarity of the needs of every human community in the world. Since we all have the same basic needs, and advance s in those specific areas have been done to make them more efficient, it is logical to think that structures in some degree will copy a functioning model (Meyer and Rowan, 1977). The most important factor for a social behaviour to be transformed into an institution and ultimately bureaucratized is the legitimacy gained among the actors of the society (Finnemore, 1996). The State is considered to be the ultimate example of such phenomenon. Finnemore (1996) argues that institutions are constantly challenged because of the contradictions within the dominant cultural norms, pointing at their constant need to refresh and renew their legitimacy to ensure endurance. In this idea lies the concept of institutional change according to the sociological discipline. They argue that organizations often adopt and promote new institutional practices, leaving aside the rational concern of efficiency and cost reduction, to increase the legitimacy of such organization (Hall and Taylor, 1996). Ironically, though, following Finnemore (1996), institutionalized bureaucracies are rationally substituted for other institutionalized bureaucracies for reasons that go against a rational scope. As for my opinion, sociological institutionalism does not really focuses on explaining the change in institutions but rather excuses the fact that institutions change by saying it is all a matter of the legitimacy of the organizations trying to stand the test of time. If it is so, that organizations have the power to shape the structural context of behaviour in such way as to regulate what is considered wrong and right behaviour, then there would be little stopping organizations from assuming total control of society they indirectly direct. Further, it is clear that they deny strongly the grand rational assumption that individuals act rationally (which I consider an appropriate critique) upheld by Rational Choice Institutionalism, yet they reinforce with the same effervescence the rational claim that all organizations act rationally in pursue of their interest moulding institutions accordingly. Finally, for a branch of new institutionalism that claims that context is the key concept in the development and understanding of the institutions, saying that change is only promoted by organizations, is undermining the possibilities of cultural diversity, as proven recently by the Arab Spring or , not so recently, the communist revolutions on the beginning of the 20th century. Historical Institutionalism Since the 1990s there has been an increment in the importance that ideas, economic interest and political institutions have and the relation between them. This has led to a great transformation of the historical institutionalism school trying to explain political outcomes (Bà ©land, 2005). Historical Institutionalism took great influence from structural functionalist, but for a change, they reject the idea that psychological, cultural, social or any individual trait could be extrapolated as a general characteristic of the system that contains them. Instead they suggest that institutional organizations shape the behaviour of the collective, thus generating political outcomes (Hall and Taylor, 1996). In this analysis they include the factor of rationality of the individual and the organizations but under an historical interpretation of the culture in order to decode the interpretation of both the norm and what was considered rational in such a context (Ferejohn, 1991; Thelen, 1999). This way, Historical Institutionalism has a pivotal approach that comprehends and exceed the previously two analysed (Hall and Taylor, 1996), specifically when one analyses the cultural and calculus approaches. Hay and Wincott (1998) argue that Hall and Taylor (1996) are trying to propose a dialogue between the Sociological Institutionalism and the Rational Choice Institutionalism by incorporating the cultural and calculus approaches to the Historical branch. The calculus approach assume that in every period of time, individuals tend to act strategically to maximize their gain, and institution provide a frame to make it easier to predict and limit the set of actions possible to take place. Now the Historical Institutionalism part in this approach is that the possibilities are reviewed into the historical context surrounding the decisions taken. The cultural approach contrast the calculus without denying it, analysing the degree on which individuals leave aside the rational decision, and lean to familiar structures or established routines. But for that it is necessary to comprehend the historical and contextual rational decision that was left aside and the familiar structures and established routines of such individual in that precise time (Hall and Taylor, 1996). The main contribution of Historical Institutionalism leads logically to the concept of path dependency. This is the assumption that the same processes can generate different results on different places because there are no two equal circumstances, an assumption that can be considered axiomatic, and therefor problematic (Hall and Taylor, 1996). One way to look at it is that the specific order in which things occur affect how they occur (Hay and Wincott, 1998; Fioretos, 2011). Following Fioretos (2011) the particular timing and sequence in which a phenomenon takes place contributes to four characteristics that remark the importance of context: i) unpredictability, by which it is expected that outcomes on similar events vary in great manner; ii) inflexibility, the idea that as more time passes, it gets harder to reverse the effects of such event; iii) nonergodicity, the probability that this effects can stand the test of time; iv) inefficiencies, the fact that abandoned ideas and altern atives might have produced more efficient outcomes but are out of the possibility range anymore. Another concept that is essential to path dependence is historical inefficiency (Fioretos, 2011: 376). The idea that the specific consequences of the path dependence of one precise experience would make institutional alternatives designed in a different context, far more likely to fail, despite of the fact that analysis of utility models may indicate their superior expected performance (Fioretos, 2011). The concept of path dependence, although taken from a blend between Rational Choice Institutionalism and Sociological Institutionalism, particularly from and formed inside the original contributions of Historical Institutionalism renders the first two approaches out-dated and unhelpful when talking about institutional change (Thelen, 1999). Change is comprehended as the outcomes, whether they are intended or not, of a set of strategic actions that are conceived inside the context of institutions in a definite time and space that provided the conditions needed to favour certain choices over others (Hay and Wincott, 1998). And that exact analysis is only provided by Historical Institutionalism thanks to the incorporation of calculus approach and cultural approach and path dependence. Since the concept of path dependence tell us that there is no way in which we can calculate with certainty what will be the overall cost of choosing an option over another when undergoing institutional change, considering unknown factors may intervene and affect the outcome, there is no way of formulating a model that can apply to any situation without risking a mayor margin of error (Harty, 2005). By leaving aside grand generalizations Historical Institutionalism can easily surpass the barriers of Sociological Institutionalism and Rational Choice, of assuming that organizations only use institutional change to reinforce their legitimacy and that every institutional change made in any context must fall into a rational choice, respectively. Moreover by not denying rationality, Historical Institutionalism does not fall in the contradiction of using Rational Choice to understand the behaviour of organizations or individuals, such as the case of the Sociological branch. Lastly, in my opinion, Historical Institutionalism is stronger than Rational Choice also, because it contemplates real change on institutions and not merely the evolution of them, since they hold no delusion of a supposed pre-calculated plan by institutions to transform within in order to avoid undergo real change. And is stronger than Sociological Institutionalism, also, as a result of giving the deserved and necessary level of importance to context as a determinant of the outcome and structure of the institutional change process. Conclusions We have showed that Historical Institutionalism has a more precise and deeper view of institutional change than the other forms of new institutionalism, Rational Choice Institutionalism and Sociological Institutionalism. I have compared the concept of change in the three branches, and found that Rational Choice Institutionalism and Sociological Institutionalism have a reduced view of what composes and provokes change leading to unsatisfactory conclusions that leave aside important parts of the reality without encompassing the inputs of one another. Rational Choice Institutionalism, due to its genesis, has defined a very limited scope, and only considers change to happen within and according to the institutions plan, assuming that in every step of the way, rationality is a perfect process undergone by every individual and actor in the society. Historical Institutionalism embraces a wider view of what constitutes change, enabling it to study a much substantial range of political situations that would be left out by Rational Choice. Moreover Historical Institutionalism goes as deep as to question what seemed like a rational choice in the context of analysis, providing with a view that does not deny rationality but also, does not consider it to be fixed and static. Sociological Institutionalism denies the absolute rationality that is assumed by Rational Choice Institutionalism. Scholars in this branch understand institutional change as the tool that organizations use to endure in time. They suggest that organizations are the ones that promote and seek institutional changes that fit their own maximization of benefits, but by doing this; they make use of the principle that they so firmly oppose from Rational Choice. Sociological Institutionalism only analyses context as a force that shapes the form of the institutions upheld by a society. Historical Institutionalism gives much more importance to context, saying it can determine not only the particular shape of an institution, but also argues that we should take into consideration the values and possibilities provided by the context. It also calls upon the importance of context in the elaboration of the concept path dependency under which it is understood that due to the specifics of some situatio ns, the same process may have different results. Lastly, since Historical Institutionalism does not deny rationality of actors, rather than question what rationality is, it does not fall on the contradiction that we saw on Sociological Institutionalism. We have seen how Historical Institutionalism, thanks to the calculus and cultural approaches and the path dependency concept is a synthesis of the Rational Choice Institutionalism and Sociological Institutionalism. Historical Institutionalism is capable of analysing much deeper into political phenomena by bringing together concepts of both and stating that results may not replicate in the exact same way due to the differences in context. Therefore not intending to push grand assumptions or create laws on studies and in that what being able to widen the range of situations to study. Bibliography Bà ©land, D. (2005) Ideas, Interest, and Institutions: Historical Institutionalism Revisited in Lecours, A. New Institutionalisms. Theory and Analysis, University of Toront-o Press. 29-50 Ferejohn, J. (1991) Rationality and interpretation: Parliamentary elections in early Stuart England. In Monroe K, The economic approach to politics Harper-Collins, 279-305. Finnemore, M. (1996) Norms, culture, and world politics: Insights from sociologys institutionalism, International Organization, vol. 50, no. 2, 325-47. Fioretos, O. (2011) Historical Institutionalism in Intenational Relations, International Organizations, 65, 367-99. Hall, P. and R.C.R. Taylor (1996) Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms. Political Studies, Vol. 44(5): 936 57. Harty, S. (2005) Theorising Institutional Change in Lecours, A. New Institutionalisms. Theory and Analysis, University of Toronto Press. 51-79 Hay, C. and Wincott, D. (1998) Structure, Agency, Historical Institutionalism, Political Studies, Vol. 46: 951-57. March, J.G. and Olsen, J.P. (1996) Institutional Perspectives on Political Institutions, Governance, 9 (3), 247-64. Meyer, J.W. Rowan, B. (1977) Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 83, no. 2, 340-63. Selten, R. (1975) A Reexamination on the Perfectness Concept for Equilibrium Points in Extensive games International Journal of Game Theory, 4, 25-55. Shepsle, K.A. (1989) Studying Institutions: Some Lessons from the Rational Choice Approach, Journal of Theoretical Politics, 1 (2), 131-47. Thelen, K. (1999) Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics, Annual Review of Political Science, 2, 369-404. Tsebelis, G. (1990) Nested Games: Rational Choice in Comparative Politics, University of California Press.   Ã‚  

Similar Plot of Muder Mysteries :: Papers

Similar Plot of Muder Mysteries The structures of the two stories are very different, with The Speckled Band story unfolding in chronological order, finding out the murderer right at the end, however in the Lamb to the Slaughter, the murderer is known at the beginning of the story. The two stories are seen from two different points of view, first-person narratorinTheSpeckled Band as Dr Watson acharacter within the story and therefore limited in understanding and the all-knowingthird-person narratoror omniscient in Lamb to the Slaughter as the narrator stands outside the story itself and guide the reader's understanding of characters and the significance of their story. Most murder mysteries have the typical victims, murderers, and detectives, this is especially true in the older murder mysteries by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The Speckled Band has a typical detective, the famous detective being Sherlock Holmes with his deer stalker hat and pipe always deep in thought about the investigation "his arms folded, his hat pulled down over his eyes, and his chin sunk upon his breast, buried in the deepest thought". But in the Lamb to the Slaughter the detectives are so foolish and naives, a complete contrast to Sherlock Holmes. Sherlock Holmes comes across as a typical fictional detective. In addition Miss Stoner, in The Speckled Band is a typical victim, vulnerable, anxious, weak and scared. She say's " It is not cold which makes me shiver", she was worried for her life. This line grips the reader and we can sense that something sinister is about to happen. Also in The Speckled Band, Dr Roylott, is the evil, plotting, devious, fictional murderer, this character was portrayed in most murder mysteries stories written in the late 19 century. The Speckled Band was written in 1892. In the Lamb to the Slaughter we had no idea who the murderer and victim were going to be until the murder had been committed, in fact you might of thought the roles would have been reversed once reading the first few pages. The detectives in the story are portrayed as

The Franks

The Franks is about a group of loosely related Germanic ‘barbarian' tribes that from the third to eighth centuries CE would occupy, and eventually conquer and settle most of the Western Roman province of Gaul which would later come to be known as France, or â€Å"Frankland†. The Franks are portrayed in this documentary as a ‘plague' to Rome, but one group the Salians to the north of the Rhine River, were actually quite assimilated to Roman Culture and even ided as a buffer between Rome and other invading Barbarians.The Franks were first recognized as an â€Å"auxiliary' people by the Romans during the reign of Merovech whom is best remembered for being the first leader of the Salian Franks and the original founder of the royal line. His triumph over the Huns to the west and their neighboring barbarians, the Ostrogoths at Chalons, Gaul in 451 CE recognized his great power, and also paved the way for his son Childeric l. Childeric established ajor territorial conque st during his reign, triumphing over the invading Visigoths to the south, and the Saxons to the southwest in aid to the Romans.His role as a Barbarian ally to the Romans played an important role in The Franks further expanse into Gaul. Childeric continued to rein for twenty-four years until his death in 481 CE, at which time his son Clovis I took control. Clovis I was regarded as the most influential ruler of the Salians, and the â€Å"real† founder of the Merovingian Dynasty; the ame of which was derived from his grandfather Merovech.Clovis was a Pagan like many Franks were at his time, but is allegedly known for having converted to Orthodox (Catholic) Christianity to gain the politic support of the Gallo-Romans (Christians), though it may be argued his wife was the reason for his conversion. Clovis was considered ‘ruthless' in his tactics to gain complete control of Gaul by murdering every potential rival Frankish leader, even those in his own family.This omination in bloodshed across Gaul is what gives the Frankish people their true identity reinventing them not as barbarians, but as The Franks. Gaul becomes known as Frankia, and later France, and the legacy of a people and their Dynasty which will last for nearly two-hundred years setting the framework for Western Europe.

Depression Among The Homeless Community - 1348 Words

â€Å"Depression is a disease that controls an individual’s outlook on life and their ability to deal with circumstances.† Depression is characterized with low self-esteem as well as â€Å"a loss of interest in activities†¦ [which] has an incapacitating [effect] on the individual’s ability to relate to others.† Depression can cause homelessness or vice versa. â€Å"One of the strongest sources of depression among the homeless community [is] their feelings of isolation and loneliness. Feelings of isolation and separation from others† can lead to â€Å"rooflessness, such as parental neglect.† (Philipps, 2012) Depression is a major public health problem, especially for low-income and homeless women. â€Å"Approximately 12% of women from all socioeconomic groups are depressed. This percentage approaches 25% for those living in poverty and for ethnic and racial minorities and 40% to 60% for low-income mothers with young children and pregnant and parenting teens. Lifetime rates of depression among mothers who are homeless range from 45% to 85%.† (Bassuk and Beardslee, 2014) It has been found that low socioeconomic status and poverty, which lead to traumatic episodes of life, can lead to depression. â€Å"Environmental demands that are inherent to a homeless population including lack of income, unemployment, inadequate or no housing, limited food, and physical or mental health crises can have a significant impact on well-being† and can be seen as â€Å"traumatic life events†; as a result, homeless people,Show MoreRelatedAnxiety And Depression : A Public Health Issue949 Words   |  4 Pagesstatistics of Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), anxiety is one of the most common mental illnesses in the United States, which affect nearing 18 percent of the U.S.’s total population. This mental illness can affect one person’s general mental ability, which is the ability to understand the significance of his or her behaviors, in normal life. Most people develop anxiety through the feeling of panic, fear, and uneasiness in their life, especially on homeless young adults. GenerallyRead MoreTreatment Plan for Homeless Veterans677 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Homeless veterans Homeless veterans seem to be a defenseless population by definition, as they are a subgroup in the population that is likely to have health problems or worse health challenges because of exposure to risks unlike the rest of the population. Many research undertaken to differentiate health problems linked to homeless veterans. They are vulnerable to co-morbidity of abuse of substances, mental, physical health infections and disorders than the common homeless population. TheirRead MoreThe Effects of Homelessness on the Overall Self-Esteem of Homeless Youth1476 Words   |  6 Pages Yet, children, those under 18 years of age, are generally not associated with the homeless status as they are invisible, not seen by the general public with their homeless counterparts taking up residence in make-shift housing. Nonetheless, there is a large percent of youth who meet the guidelines for being deemed homeless. The website, findyouthinfo.gov, says the U.S Department of Education defines a hom eless youth as one whom: Lacks a fixed, regular, and nighttime residence or an individualRead MoreThe Homeless Population Of The United States1393 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The homeless populations are among the most vulnerable populations in the United States. In today’s society, the homeless population consists of every age group, sex, religion, family type, and ethnic group. Families, children, and adults who are homeless suffer many adverse effects from living in shelters and on the streets, and approximately twenty six percent of homeless individuals suffer from severe mental illness (Stanhope, 2014). This paper focuses on the homeless population of allRead MoreEssay about The United States Homeless Population879 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In the United States the homeless population continues to grow rapidly. Homelessness has been a public health issue for many decades. Often times these individuals feel as though society has turned a blind eye to them. This at risk population is seen by society as lazy or chose to live a life on the streets, but if one would examine this population closely would see that there is more to this at risk population than what society has labeled them as. The forces, which affect homelessnessRead MoreTaking a Look at Homelessness893 Words   |  4 PagesBritish Columbia, Canada. This community, around King George SkyTrain station, is a densely populated area. In this community, there are a large number of homeless individuals. In homeless population, mental illness commonly present in the forms of schizophrenia, depression, personality disorders, substance abuse, and other affective disorders. According to Metro Vancouver Homeless Count, there are â€Å"400 homeless people in Surrey, representing 15% of the regions 2650 homeless† (City of Surrey, n.d, â€Å"2014†)Read MoreApplying Service Delivery Models Essay824 Words   |  4 Pagesneeds for homeless mothers and domestic violence in the African American community. Fischer (2000) wrote homeless families face the economic and personal challenges of sparse employment opportunities, child care and nutrition needs, compounded by the loss of adequate housing. Those with the greatest risk of being unemployed and of becoming long term welfare dependent are teen mothers (Fischer, 2000). In addition, depression and the loss of self-confidence are direct results of being homeless. HomelessnessRead MoreThe Effects Of Homeless Conditions, Drug Abuse, And Mental Illness1464 Words   |  6 PagesA study of the Impact a Correlation of Homeless conditions, Drug Abuse, and Mental illness has on the Health and Wellbeing of Individuals Robin Mullineaux Salt Lake Community College Abstract This paper utilizes five peer reviewed articles for the purpose of identifying the interconnections between psychiatric conditions, self-medication and Homelessness. Depending on the severity of the psychiatric disorder, circumstances can lead to a homeless situation or nomadic lifestyle. It willRead More Rural Homelessness871 Words   |  4 PagesHomelessness As the Joad family lost its farm and hit the road in Steinbecks classic, The Grapes of Wrath, so to did America lose its ability to plead ignorance to the problem of rural homelessness. Yet, as the troubles of the Great Depression, and two million homeless Americans, were eclipsed by a world at war, the issue of homelessness was once again placed on the back burner, and then taken off of the stove altogether (Davis 275). Although this problem has seldom been discussed in the sixtyRead MoreHomelessness : Poverty And Lack Of Permanent And Stable Housing1244 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), a homeless person is an individual who does not a have a permanent residence place, but rather has a temporary nighttime residence which is not designed for the accommodation of human beings (National Health Care for the Homeless Council, n.d.) Such nighttime residences include abandoned buildings, camping grounds, car parks and bus stations among others. Other agencies define homelessness as a situation whereby an individual